Polyurethane ndi zinthu zomwe zikutuluka polima, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "The Fifth Plastic", ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri azachuma cha dziko chifukwa chakuchita bwino.Pakalipano, China ndi yomwe imapanga polyurethane padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imapanga pafupifupi 45% ya kupanga polyurethane padziko lonse.Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyurethane, ndipo polyurethane elastomer ndi imodzi mwa izo.Polyurethane elastomer ndi mndandanda wa zida za elastomer zomwe zimakhala ndi magulu ambiri a carbamate pa tcheni chachikulu cha polima, ndipo ndi zinthu za polima zomwe zimatha kuchira bwino mphamvu yakunja yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchitoyo itachotsedwa.
Ma polyurethane elastomers amatha kugawidwa mu thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU), polyurethane elastomers (CPU) ndikusakaniza ma polyurethane elastomers (MPU) motengera njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe TPU ndi yayikulu kwambiri.Makampani a TPU ndi nthambi yamakampani a polyurethane, omwe ali kumunsi kwa gulu lonse lamakampani opanga mankhwala, pafupi ndi msika wa ogula.
01 Gulu la polyurethane elastomers
TPU ndi polyurethane elastomer mankhwala.Zopangira monga ma polyols, MDI, BDO, adipic acid, ndi ethylene glycol zomwe zimafunikira kuti zipangidwe ndizochokera ku petroleum kapena zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina, ndipo ndizinthu zakumunsi zamafuta amafuta.TPU ndi nthambi ya thermoplastic elastomer zipangizo.Ndi zinthu za polima zopangidwa ndi polymer kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu zoyambira: diisocyanate, macromolecular polyol, ndi chain extender (low molecular diol).
Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zamapulasitiki ndi mphira, TPU ili ndi kuuma kosiyanasiyana, makina apamwamba kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwapamwamba / kutsika, ntchito yabwino yokonzekera, ntchito yabwino ya chilengedwe, pulasitiki yolimba, mawonekedwe amphamvu, ndi kuwonekera kwambiri.Sikuti ali ndi elasticity mkulu wa zipangizo mphira, komanso ali ndi mphamvu mkulu wa mapulasitiki engineering.
02 TPU zinthu zakuthupi
TPU idapangidwa bwino ndi Bayer mu 1958, ndipo makampani akuluakulu opanga mankhwala ku Europe ndi United States adapanga motsatizana ndikuzipanga.M'zaka za m'ma 1970, Japan idayambitsa zida zopangira TPU yaku Germany ndikuyambitsa ukadaulo wopanga TPU ku Taiwan.Mainland China yakhala ikukumana ndi ukadaulo wopanga TPU kuyambira m'ma 1980, koma sichinachite bwino pakufufuza ndi chitukuko ndiukadaulo.Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1990, ndi kuchuluka kwa msika wa zipangizo za TPU, mabizinesi othandizidwa ndi ndalama za ku Ulaya, America ndi Taiwan atalowa kumtunda, mabizinesi ena akumtunda anayamba kupanga ndi kugulitsa TPU.
03 Mbiri yachitukuko chamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi komanso aku China TPU
Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri, kufunikira kwa msika kwa TPU m'magawo ambiri azachuma padziko lonse lapansi monga katundu wogula tsiku ndi tsiku, kupanga mafakitale, thanzi lachipatala, chitetezo cha dziko ndi makampani ankhondo kwakula kwambiri.M'zaka zaposachedwa, dziko langa latsopano TPU kupanga mphamvu anamasulidwa mmodzi ndi mzake, ndi ntchito TPU mlingo wachulukirachulukira mu 2018 ndi 2019. Kuchokera 2014 mpaka 2019, pawiri pachaka kukula mlingo wa zoweta TPU kupanga ndi mkulu monga 15.46% .Mu 2019, kukula kwamakampani a TPU mdziko langa kudapitilira kukula, ndikutulutsa matani pafupifupi 512,900.dziko langa ladutsa pang'onopang'ono ku Europe ndi United States kukhala wopanga wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi komanso wogula TPU, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwapachaka kwakhala kukukulirakulira pafupifupi 10%.
04 Trend Chart of TPU Production ku China kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2019
Pokhudzidwa ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Xiangshui mu 2019, boma lidalimbikitsa kukonzanso malo osungiramo mankhwala.Nthawi yomweyo, kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya isocyanate yaiwisi kunachulukitsa mtengo wopangira mafakitale ang'onoang'ono.Komabe, opanga okhazikika, kuphatikiza Huafon, BASF, ndi Meirui, akupitiliza kukulitsa mizere yawo ndikuwonjezera kupanga, ndikufulumizitsa ntchito yawo pamsika.Kukhazikika kwamakampani kukupitilira kukwera.Pakati pa ogulitsa TPU apakhomo, Huafon Gulu ndi Yantai Wanhua ali ndi maudindo apamwamba pakupanga.
05 Kugawa kwa mtundu waku China wa TPU mu 2019
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwapanyumba kwa TPU komweko ndikokwera, kulibe zabwino m'magawo ogawika.Makamaka pamsika wapakati-mpaka-otsika kwambiri, makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana monga BASF ndi Huntsman ali ndi maubwino apamwamba aukadaulo.Kupyolera mu zitsanzo zoyendetsera bwino, apititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi khalidwe lazogulitsa pamene amachepetsa ndalama zopangira mankhwala, akukhala ndi gawo lalikulu la misika yapakatikati ndi yotsika kwambiri.Pakalipano, ambiri mwa opanga TPU m'dziko langa akusowa zabwino zamakono zamakono, kapangidwe ka mankhwala amodzi, ndi kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kwa zinthu zatsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano wofooka wamsika, ndipo n'zovuta kuonjezera phindu la malonda.
Mayendedwe a chitukuko chaukadaulo, kukula, mpikisano, kukula, komanso kuchuluka kwa phindu lamakampani a TPU kumadalira kufunikira kwa msika wamafakitale akumunsi.
Detayo ikuwonetsa kuti monga zida za mphira ndi pulasitiki zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zinthu zowononga chilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito TPU kudzapitilira kukula, ndipo kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri azachuma.TPU makamaka ntchito mapaipi, mafilimu, zipangizo zamagetsi, zipangizo nsapato, mbali galimoto, kusinthidwa encapsulation, kufala mafakitale, zomatira, mawaya ndi zingwe ndi madera ena.Mwa iwo, zida za nsapato ndiye msika waukulu wogula wa TPU, womwe umawerengera 40% yazakudya za TPU.
06 TPU yaku China yakumunsi yogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe
dziko langa ndilomwe limapanga komanso kugulitsa nsapato kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zotsatira zake zimaposa 50% ya nsapato zonse padziko lonse lapansi.Ukadaulo waukadaulo wa zida zokhazokha ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga nsapato.Poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe zokha, TPU ili ndi maubwino odziwikiratu pakuchita, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kukuchulukirachulukira tsiku ndi tsiku.Pakati pawo, ETPU ili ndi zabwino zambiri pakulimba mtima komanso kuyamwa modabwitsa.Chokhacho chomwe chimapangidwa ndi icho chimatha kuyamwa bwino kukhudzidwa kwa nthaka ndikuyang'anizana ndi phazi, ndikupereka zotsatira zapamwamba kwambiri.
Pazonse, makampani a TPU ali ndi mawonekedwe okwera mtengo wazinthu zopangira, kuthamanga kwazinthu zosintha mwachangu, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso kusiyanitsa koonekeratu kwa makasitomala.Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa phindu lamakampani kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kusinthasintha kwamitengo yazinthu zopangira, kuthekera kwatsopano kwachitukuko, komanso kuchuluka kwamakasitomala.Ndi kuyambitsa motsatizanatsana ndondomeko zapakhomo ndi njira zomwe zimayang'ana pa umoyo wa masewera a anthu okhalamo, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka anthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamasewera, kukula kwa kufunikira kwa ogula nsapato zamasewera apamwamba kudzathandiza kukonza malo ogwiritsira ntchito TPU. makampani.Kumbali inayi, pamsika wapamwamba Kwambiri Kwa mitundu monga TPU ya calendered, TPU yachipatala, ndi TPU yosamva kutentha kwambiri, dzikolo limadalira kwambiri zogulitsa kunja.Ndi kuchuluka kwaukadaulo kwanthawi yayitali komanso kugulitsa kwa R&D kwamakampani apanyumba a TPU, akuyembekezeka kudutsa okhawo omwe makampani akunja ndikuwonjezera malo ena apakhomo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-03-2023